{"title":"Regenerative \u0026 Healing Peptides","description":"\u003ch2 id=\"tinymce_scroll_sign\"\u003eWhere to Buy Regenerative Peptides UK for Healing and Wellness\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eUnderstanding Regenerative \u0026amp; Healing Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegenerative peptides are powerful chains of amino acids that play a crucial role in promoting tissue repair and cellular regeneration. By stimulating collagen production and enhancing cell communication, these peptides help improve skin elasticity, reduce inflammation, and accelerate wound healing. For those looking to improve recovery from injuries or support youthful skin, understanding how these peptides work is essential. When you choose to buy regenerative peptides UK, you gain access to products that target the body's natural healing process, ensuring optimal regeneration and overall wellness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBenefits of Buying Regenerative Peptides in the UK\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChoosing to buy regenerative peptides UK offers several advantages including quality assurance, legal compliance, and access to expert advice. UK suppliers often adhere to strict manufacturing standards, ensuring the peptides are pure and effective. These peptides help with various conditions such as skin aging, muscle recovery, and joint health by promoting faster cellular repair. Additionally, purchasing locally reduces delivery times and provides easier customer support, making it a reliable choice for those looking to enhance their healing and regeneration journey safely.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow to Select the Best Regenerative Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen buying regenerative peptides in the UK, it is vital to consider the product's purity, manufacturer reputation, and intended use. Look for peptides that have been verified through third-party testing and come with clear ingredient lists. Products designed specifically for healing and skin regeneration often contain well-researched peptides like GHK-Cu or BPC-157. It’s also important to consult with healthcare professionals if you are new to peptides. By choosing reputable suppliers and genuine products, customers can ensure maximum benefits from their regenerative peptide regimen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"bacteriostatic-water-bac-water","title":"Bacteriostatic Water (BAC Water)","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eBacteriostatic Water | BAC Water | Sterile Peptide Reconstitution Solution | Research Grade\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sterile water for injection + 0.9% benzyl alcohol (9 mg\/mL) \u003cstrong\u003eGrade:\u003c\/strong\u003e Research grade — sterile, pyrogen-free \u003cstrong\u003ePreservative:\u003c\/strong\u003e Benzyl alcohol 0.9% (v\/v) \u003cstrong\u003epH:\u003c\/strong\u003e 4.5–7.0 \u003cstrong\u003eAppearance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Clear, colourless solution \u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sealed multi-dose vials \u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Room temperature (15–25°C), away from light; refrigerate after opening\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eWhat Is Bacteriostatic Water?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eBacteriostatic water (BAC water) is a preparation of sterile water for injection containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol (9 mg\/mL) as a preservative. The term \"bacteriostatic\" refers to the benzyl alcohol component — a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial growth and multiplication within the vial, without necessarily killing bacteria outright. This preservative action allows BAC water to remain safely usable across multiple withdrawals over an extended period — a critical property that distinguishes it from standard sterile water for injection, which is intended for single-use only and carries no microbial protection after the vial seal is first broken.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eBAC water is the standard reconstitution vehicle for a wide range of lyophilised research peptides, proteins, and biological compounds — including human growth hormone (HGH), GHRFs, GHRPs, and most synthetic research peptides. It is used wherever a multi-dose reconstitution protocol is required, and where peptide or protein stability across multiple draw-down events must be maintained without microbial contamination risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eOur bacteriostatic water is manufactured to research grade: sterile, pyrogen-free, and packaged in sealed multi-dose vials with halogenated butyl stoppers compatible with standard research syringes and needle gauges.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eWhy BAC Water Matters for Peptide Research\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe choice of reconstitution vehicle is one of the most practically consequential decisions in peptide research — and one that is frequently underestimated. Using an inappropriate reconstitution solution can compromise peptide stability, alter solubility, affect experimental reproducibility, and — in the case of multi-dose vials — introduce microbial contamination that invalidates results and degrades the compound.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eBacteriostatic water addresses these concerns by providing a chemically inert, pH-appropriate, sterile environment with sustained antimicrobial protection across repeated vial access events. For researchers working with lyophilised peptides that require reconstitution before use — including every compound in our research catalogue — BAC water is the most broadly appropriate and widely used reconstitution vehicle in the scientific literature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompatibility with our catalogue:\u003c\/strong\u003e BAC water is the recommended reconstitution vehicle for HGH (somatotropin), tesamorelin, BPC-157, TB-500, MOTS-c, Selank, and the majority of other lyophilised research peptides. GHK-Cu is optimally reconstituted in sterile water or PBS, and 5-Amino-1MQ may require DMSO for certain protocols — but for the majority of peptide reconstitution applications, BAC water is the first-choice solution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eComposition \u0026amp; Technical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy 0.9% benzyl alcohol?\u003c\/strong\u003e Benzyl alcohol has been used as an antimicrobial preservative in injectable preparations since the 1920s. At 0.9% concentration, it provides effective bacteriostatic activity against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria — the most likely contaminants in a multi-access vial environment — while remaining chemically compatible with the widest range of peptides, proteins, and hormones used in research. Higher benzyl alcohol concentrations can begin to affect protein folding and stability; 0.9% represents the established standard for balancing preservation efficacy with compound compatibility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy not sterile water for injection?\u003c\/strong\u003e Standard sterile water for injection (SWFI) contains no preservative and is intended for single-use only. Once the seal is broken and the vial accessed, SWFI provides no protection against bacterial contamination from subsequent needle insertions. For researchers who routinely draw multiple aliquots from a single reconstituted vial over days or weeks — as is standard practice with peptide research compounds — SWFI is inappropriate and significantly increases the risk of microbial contamination that will degrade the compound and compromise experimental results.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy not saline or PBS?\u003c\/strong\u003e Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) are appropriate for some peptide reconstitution applications but carry important caveats. Saline can reduce the solubility of certain peptides and proteins and provides no preservative action in multi-dose vials. PBS introduces phosphate and salt ions that can interact with some peptides and alter their behaviour in downstream assays. For most lyophilised research peptide applications, BAC water provides a cleaner, more universally compatible, and more practically convenient reconstitution vehicle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eBAC Water and Peptide Stability\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eProper reconstitution practice is as important as purity when it comes to preserving the integrity and research utility of lyophilised peptides. The following principles apply to reconstitution with BAC water across the research peptide catalogue:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnique:\u003c\/strong\u003e Always inject BAC water slowly against the side of the vial — never directly onto the lyophilised powder, which can mechanically disrupt peptide structure. Swirl gently until dissolved; do not shake or vortex.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTemperature:\u003c\/strong\u003e Allow the lyophilised vial to reach room temperature before reconstitution. Cold powder reconstituted with room-temperature water can produce localised concentration gradients that slow dissolution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage after reconstitution:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reconstituted peptides in BAC water should be stored at 2–8°C (refrigerated). The benzyl alcohol preservative protects against microbial growth but does not prevent peptide degradation from heat or light exposure. Reconstituted solutions should be used within the timeframes recommended for each specific compound — typically 28 days for HGH and tesamorelin, and up to 30 days for shorter synthetic peptides, though this varies by compound.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFreeze-thaw:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reconstituted peptide solutions in BAC water should not be re-frozen unless the specific compound's data sheet indicates this is acceptable. For long-term storage, lyophilise in advance of reconstitution or aliquot before the first freeze-thaw cycle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eDetail\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eComposition\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eWater for injection + 0.9% benzyl alcohol (9 mg\/mL)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eGrade\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eResearch grade — sterile, pyrogen-free\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePreservative\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eBenzyl alcohol 0.9% (v\/v)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003epH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e4.5–7.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eOsmolality\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e~9 mOsm\/kg (hypotonic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eClear, colourless solution\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePackaging\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSealed multi-dose vials with halogenated butyl stopper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eStorage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eRoom temperature (15–25°C), away from light; refrigerate after opening\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAs labelled on vial; discard 28 days after first opening\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eQuality \u0026amp; Purity Assurance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eOur bacteriostatic water is manufactured to research-grade standards:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSterility Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirmed sterile, free from viable microorganisms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePyrogen \/ Endotoxin Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirmed pyrogen-free by LAL (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate) assay\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBenzyl Alcohol Content\u003c\/strong\u003e — verified at 0.9% (9 mg\/mL) by validated assay\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003epH Verification\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirmed within the 4.5–7.0 range\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eParticulate Matter Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirmed free from visible particulates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Analysis (CoA)\u003c\/strong\u003e — available upon request\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eEssential Accessory for Every Peptide Researcher\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eBAC water is a consumable that every serious research peptide laboratory requires. We recommend maintaining an adequate supply to support your full research protocol — running out mid-study and substituting an alternative reconstitution vehicle can introduce a variable that undermines experimental comparability. Given the investment represented by high-purity research peptides, using a matched, research-grade reconstitution solution is a straightforward way to protect that investment and maintain the integrity of your experimental data.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eIf you are purchasing any lyophilised peptide from our catalogue — whether BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu, MOTS-c, Selank, tesamorelin, HGH, retatrutide, or any other compound — we recommend including bacteriostatic water in your order.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eImportant Notice\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis product is intended strictly for research and laboratory use only. Bacteriostatic water containing benzyl alcohol is not approved for use in neonates or premature infants, in whom benzyl alcohol toxicity has been documented at high doses. This product must not be self-administered or used outside of appropriately supervised research or clinical contexts. By purchasing this product, the buyer confirms they are a qualified researcher and will use it solely for lawful scientific research purposes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NEXYRALAB","offers":[{"title":"10ml","offer_id":59643105149262,"sku":null,"price":7.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/files\/hf_20260512_165507_cb36c0a9-b827-4e01-bba7-05b9129f574b.png?v=1779451016"},{"product_id":"bpc-157","title":"BPC-157","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eBPC-157 | Body Protection Compound-157 | Research Peptide\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C₆₂H₁₀₀N₁₆O₂₂ \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1419.53 g\/mol \u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;99% (HPLC verified) \u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised powder \u003cstrong\u003eAvailable Sizes:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5mg | 10mg \u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e –20°C, away from light and moisture \u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 137525-51-0\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/files\/BPC157-2026-nexyra_lab-Peptides-Certificate-of-analysis-2026.pdf?v=1780398927\"\u003e\u003cimg height=\"58\" width=\"58\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/files\/ChatGPT_Image_Jun_2_2026_12_28_15_PM_b6a095fc-de0a-454a-870d-2005dacd857d.png?v=1780407285\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eWhat Is BPC-157?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eBPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide consisting of 15 amino acids. It is derived from a partial sequence of Body Protection Compound, a protein naturally found in human gastric juice. First identified and isolated in the 1990s, BPC-157 has since become one of the most actively studied peptides in preclinical research, attracting significant scientific interest for its pleiotropic biological activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eOur BPC-157 is produced under strict quality-controlled conditions, achieving a verified purity of greater than 99% as confirmed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). It is supplied in lyophilised (freeze-dried) form to ensure maximum stability and shelf life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eResearch Background \u0026amp; Scientific Interest\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eBPC-157 has been the subject of numerous peer-reviewed preclinical studies, the majority conducted in rodent models. Researchers across gastroenterology, orthopaedics, neuroscience, and pharmacology have explored the compound's interaction with multiple biological pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eKey areas of active research include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTissue and Wound Healing\u003c\/strong\u003e Preclinical studies have investigated BPC-157's influence on angiogenesis — the formation of new blood vessels — and fibroblast activity. Research published in peer-reviewed journals suggests the compound may interact with the nitric oxide (NO) system, which plays a central role in vascular regulation and tissue repair mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGastrointestinal Research\u003c\/strong\u003e Given its origin from gastric juice proteins, BPC-157 has drawn considerable attention in GI research. Animal studies have explored its effects on gastric ulcer models, inflammatory bowel conditions, and intestinal anastomosis healing, with researchers observing notable cytoprotective responses in mucosal tissue models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMusculoskeletal \u0026amp; Tendon Models\u003c\/strong\u003e A growing body of preclinical literature has examined BPC-157 in models involving tendon, ligament, bone, and muscle tissue. Researchers have observed upregulation of growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblast cell lines — a finding that has generated further mechanistic inquiry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNeurological \u0026amp; Dopaminergic Pathways\u003c\/strong\u003e Some preclinical research has investigated BPC-157's interaction with dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, as well as its potential neuroprotective properties in brain lesion and traumatic injury models. These findings remain in early exploratory stages and warrant further rigorous study.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-inflammatory Mechanisms\u003c\/strong\u003e BPC-157 has been studied in models of inflammation, with research suggesting modulation of inflammatory cytokine activity. Its interaction with the VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS signalling pathway is one proposed mechanism currently under investigation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\"\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\"\u003eDetail\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePeptide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eBPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eGly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u0026gt;99% (HPLC \u0026amp; MS verified)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eForm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLyophilised powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eVial Sizes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e5mg, 10mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eWhite to off-white powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSoluble in water or dilute acetic acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eStorage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e–20°C, keep away from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e24 months when stored correctly (lyophilised)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e137525-51-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eQuality \u0026amp; Purity Assurance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEvery batch of our BPC-157 undergoes rigorous third-party testing before release. Our quality assurance process includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHPLC Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms peptide purity exceeding 99%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMass Spectrometry (MS)\u003c\/strong\u003e — verifies molecular identity and sequence integrity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEndotoxin Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — ensures product is free from bacterial endotoxins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Analysis (CoA)\u003c\/strong\u003e — available for every batch upon request\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eWe are committed to supplying researchers with the highest-grade peptides available on the market. Consistency, traceability, and transparency are central to our quality standards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHandling \u0026amp; Reconstitution (Research Use)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eBPC-157 lyophilised powder should be reconstituted using sterile bacteriostatic water or dilute acetic acid (0.1%) depending on the experimental protocol. Once reconstituted, the solution should be aliquoted and stored at –20°C to preserve stability and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can degrade peptide integrity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eResearchers should handle all peptides in accordance with standard laboratory safety practices and applicable institutional guidelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eImportant Notice\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis product is intended strictly for in vitro research and laboratory use only. BPC-157 is not approved for human or veterinary use by the FDA, EMA, or any other regulatory authority. It is not a drug, supplement, or food product. This product must not be administered to humans or animals. By purchasing this product, the buyer confirms they are a qualified researcher and will use the compound solely for lawful scientific research purposes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NEXYRALAB","offers":[{"title":"5","offer_id":59643105280334,"sku":null,"price":17.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"10","offer_id":59643105313102,"sku":null,"price":31.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/files\/hf_20260512_184747_4f3584b7-b898-4af1-bc24-2d46f05d173f.png?v=1779451020"},{"product_id":"ghk-cu-copper-peptide","title":"GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eGHK-Cu | Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper Complex | Research Peptide\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gly-His-Lys (copper chelated) \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C₁₄H₂₄CuN₆O₄ \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 403.92 g\/mol \u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;99% (HPLC verified) \u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised powder \u003cstrong\u003eAvailable Sizes:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5mg | 10mg \u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e –20°C, away from light and moisture \u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 89030-95-5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eWhat Is GHK-Cu?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eGHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine copper complex) is a naturally occurring copper peptide first identified in human plasma by Dr. Loren Pickart in 1973. It is a tripeptide — composed of just three amino acids: glycine, histidine, and lysine — complexed with a copper(II) ion. Despite its small size, GHK-Cu has demonstrated an extraordinary breadth of biological activity in preclinical research, influencing gene expression, tissue remodelling, antioxidant defence, and wound repair across numerous experimental models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eGHK-Cu is found naturally in human blood plasma, saliva, and urine, with plasma concentrations declining significantly with age — from approximately 200 ng\/mL in young adults to around 80 ng\/mL in those over 60. This age-related decline has made GHK-Cu an especially compelling subject for researchers studying cellular ageing, skin biology, and tissue homeostasis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eOur GHK-Cu is synthesised under strict quality-controlled manufacturing conditions, achieving a verified purity of greater than 99% as confirmed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). It is supplied as a lyophilised (freeze-dried) powder to ensure optimal stability during storage and transit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eResearch Background \u0026amp; Scientific Interest\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eGHK-Cu has accumulated one of the most extensive bodies of preclinical literature of any research peptide, with over five decades of published science across dermatology, oncology, neuroscience, pulmonology, and wound biology. Its mechanism of action is multifaceted — centred on copper transport, collagen synthesis modulation, and broad-spectrum gene expression regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGene Expression \u0026amp; Genomic Activity\u003c\/strong\u003e Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of GHK-Cu research is its apparent influence at the genomic level. Studies by Pickart and colleagues, using gene expression analysis, identified GHK-Cu as a potent modulator of human gene activity — with research suggesting it can reset the gene expression patterns of aged or damaged tissue closer to a healthier baseline state. In one analysis, GHK-Cu was found to influence the expression of over 4,000 human genes, including those involved in inflammation resolution, DNA repair, antioxidant response, and ubiquitin-proteasome system regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCollagen Synthesis \u0026amp; Skin Biology\u003c\/strong\u003e GHK-Cu is one of the most studied peptides in dermatological research. Preclinical and in vitro studies have consistently demonstrated its ability to stimulate collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in fibroblast cell cultures. Research has also examined its role in upregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity alongside their inhibitors (TIMPs), suggesting a finely balanced role in extracellular matrix remodelling rather than simple collagen deposition. These findings have generated substantial interest in skin ageing and wound repair research contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWound Healing \u0026amp; Tissue Repair\u003c\/strong\u003e GHK-Cu has been studied extensively in wound healing models, with preclinical data pointing to accelerated re-epithelialisation, increased angiogenesis, and improved wound tensile strength in animal models. Research has also examined its influence on keratinocyte proliferation and migration — key processes in the restoration of skin barrier integrity. Its copper-mediated influence on lysyl oxidase activity, an enzyme critical to collagen cross-linking, is one proposed mechanism underlying these observations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntioxidant \u0026amp; Anti-inflammatory Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e The copper ion component of GHK-Cu plays a meaningful role in its research profile. Copper is an essential cofactor for superoxide dismutase (SOD), a primary antioxidant enzyme, and GHK-Cu has been studied in models examining oxidative stress mitigation. Preclinical research has also observed downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, alongside modulation of NF-κB signalling pathways — positioning GHK-Cu as a subject of interest in inflammatory resolution research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNervous System \u0026amp; Neuroprotection Research\u003c\/strong\u003e An emerging body of literature has explored GHK-Cu in neurological research contexts. Studies have investigated its effects in models of nerve damage and neuroinflammation, with findings suggesting neuroprotective activity and potential influence on nerve growth factor (NGF) expression. Its antioxidant properties are also of interest given the particular vulnerability of neuronal tissue to oxidative damage. This remains a developing area of research that warrants further investigation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePulmonary \u0026amp; Systemic Research\u003c\/strong\u003e GHK-Cu has appeared in research related to pulmonary fibrosis and COPD-associated gene expression signatures. Gene array analyses have shown that GHK-Cu can reverse the gene expression patterns associated with emphysema and certain cancer-related pathways — a finding of significant scientific interest that has prompted further mechanistic inquiry into its role in systemic tissue homeostasis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHair Follicle Research\u003c\/strong\u003e In vitro and animal studies have examined GHK-Cu in models of hair follicle biology. Research has observed stimulation of follicle size and elongation, as well as modulation of hair growth cycle signalling. These findings have contributed to GHK-Cu becoming one of the more frequently studied peptides in dermatological and follicular biology research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eDetail\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePeptide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eGHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper Complex)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eGly-His-Lys · Cu²⁺\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u0026gt;99% (HPLC \u0026amp; MS verified)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eForm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLyophilised powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eVial Sizes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e5mg, 10mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eBlue to blue-green powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSoluble in sterile water\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eStorage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e–20°C, keep away from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e24 months when stored correctly (lyophilised)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e89030-95-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eQuality \u0026amp; Purity Assurance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEvery batch of our GHK-Cu undergoes a rigorous, multi-step quality control process before release. Our assurance pipeline includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHPLC Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms peptide purity exceeding 99%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMass Spectrometry (MS)\u003c\/strong\u003e — verifies molecular identity, copper complexation, and sequence integrity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEndotoxin Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — ensures the product is free from bacterial endotoxins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Analysis (CoA)\u003c\/strong\u003e — available for every batch upon request\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eWe are committed to full batch traceability, providing researchers with the consistency and confidence required for reproducible, high-quality experimental outcomes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHandling \u0026amp; Reconstitution (Research Use)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eGHK-Cu lyophilised powder is readily soluble in sterile water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Gently swirl to dissolve — do not vortex. The characteristic blue to blue-green colour of the solution is normal and indicative of the copper chelate complex. Once reconstituted, aliquot immediately and store at –20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles to preserve peptide integrity and copper complexation stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAll handling should be conducted in accordance with standard laboratory safety procedures and applicable institutional guidelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHow GHK-Cu Fits Within a Research Peptide Panel\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eGHK-Cu is frequently studied alongside other tissue-active peptides. Compared to BPC-157, which acts primarily via the nitric oxide and growth hormone receptor pathways, and TB-500, which functions through actin sequestration and VEGF signalling, GHK-Cu operates largely through copper-mediated gene expression modulation and extracellular matrix remodelling. Its broad genomic footprint makes it a uniquely versatile research subject and a logical complement to both BPC-157 and TB-500 in multi-peptide experimental panels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAll three peptides are available in our catalogue with consistent \u0026gt;99% purity standards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eImportant Notice\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis product is intended strictly for in vitro research and laboratory use only. GHK-Cu is not approved for human or veterinary use by the FDA, EMA, or any other regulatory authority. It is not a drug, supplement, or food product. This product must not be administered to humans or animals. By purchasing this product, the buyer confirms they are a qualified researcher and will use the compound solely for lawful scientific research purposes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NEXYRALAB","offers":[{"title":"50mg","offer_id":59643105411406,"sku":null,"price":24.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"100mg","offer_id":59643105444174,"sku":null,"price":44.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/files\/hf_20260512_181413_881e4e05-a613-45e3-94f0-191d323467b5.png?v=1779451023"},{"product_id":"hcg-human-chorionic-gonadotropin","title":"HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin | Recombinant Heterodimeric Glycoprotein | Research Grade\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso Known As:\u003c\/strong\u003e hCG, choriogonadotropin, human chorionic gonadotrophin \u003cstrong\u003eClassification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone — LH\/CG receptor (LHCGR) agonist \u003cstrong\u003eStructure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Two non-covalently linked subunits: α-subunit (92 amino acids, shared with LH, FSH, TSH) + β-subunit (145 amino acids with C-terminal peptide extension, hCG-specific) \u003cstrong\u003eTotal Amino Acids:\u003c\/strong\u003e 237 \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~36.7 kDa (including glycosylation) \u003cstrong\u003eGlycosylation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Seven carbohydrate units — four N-linked (asparagine-linked) and three O-linked (serine-linked) oligosaccharide chains \u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;99% (HPLC verified) \u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised powder \u003cstrong\u003eAvailable Sizes:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5,000IU | 10,000IU \u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2–8°C (refrigerated); –20°C for long-term storage \u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 9002-61-3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eWhat Is HCG?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone produced naturally by syncytiotrophoblast cells of the human placenta during early pregnancy. It is one of the most structurally characterised glycoprotein hormones in endocrinology — a member of the same protein superfamily as luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), all of which share an identical α-subunit but carry distinct β-subunits that confer receptor specificity and biological identity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe hCG molecule consists of two non-covalently linked subunits. The α-subunit — 92 amino acids in length — is common to all four glycoprotein hormones of the pituitary-gonadal axis. The β-subunit — 145 amino acids — is unique to hCG and confers its selective binding to the LH\/CG receptor (LHCGR). The β-subunit of hCG differs structurally from that of LH in several important ways: it contains a 24-amino acid C-terminal peptide (CTP) extension bearing four O-linked glycosylation sites, it has an overall ~85% sequence identity with LH-β, and it carries five additional glycosylation sites compared to LH — totalling seven carbohydrate units in all. These glycan moieties play a critical role in determining circulatory half-life, receptor binding affinity, and the qualitative nature of downstream intracellular signalling cascades.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe result of this glycan-extended structure is a hormone with a substantially longer half-life than LH — several hours for hCG versus 60–90 minutes for pituitary LH — and a distinct pattern of LHCGR signalling that has been the subject of considerable recent research. Whereas LH is secreted by the pituitary in a pulsatile fashion with short inter-pulse intervals, hCG is produced by the placenta in a sustained, non-pulsatile fashion — and these different exposure dynamics produce qualitatively different receptor-level responses at the same LHCGR, a phenomenon now understood as biased agonism and one of the most active areas of gonadotropin research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe recombinant hCG supplied here is produced via recombinant DNA technology, yielding a molecule structurally identical to endogenous placental hCG. Recombinant production became available from 2000 and has become the preferred research-grade form, offering superior batch-to-batch consistency compared to urinary-extracted preparations. Our hCG is manufactured under strict quality-controlled conditions, verified to a purity of greater than 99% by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry, and supplied as a lyophilised powder for maximum stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eResearch Background \u0026amp; Scientific Interest\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003ehCG has one of the most extensive and historically deep research profiles of any glycoprotein hormone — spanning reproductive endocrinology, gonadal biology, developmental science, steroidogenesis, immunology, oncology, and, increasingly, biased receptor signalling research. It is simultaneously one of the most clinically utilised hormones in medicine and one of the most mechanistically complex subjects in contemporary receptor pharmacology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLHCGR Receptor Binding \u0026amp; Biased Agonism\u003c\/strong\u003e The interaction between hCG and the LH\/CG receptor (LHCGR) is the central focus of modern hCG pharmacology research. LHCGR is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed primarily in gonadal tissue — Leydig cells of the testis and granulosa\/theca cells of the ovary — as well as in the endometrium, myometrium, and several extragonadal tissues. Upon binding, hCG activates the canonical adenylate cyclase–cAMP–PKA intracellular signalling cascade, driving steroidogenesis in gonadal cells. However, a growing body of evidence — including BRET and FRET-based real-time cell signalling studies in HEK293 and Leydig tumour cell lines — has demonstrated that hCG and LH, despite binding the same receptor, elicit quantitatively and qualitatively different intracellular responses. hCG was found to be more potent than LH in activating both cAMP and β-arrestin 2 pathways, and to produce longer-duration cAMP responses. These findings, characterising hCG and LH as biased agonists at LHCGR, represent a fundamental revision of the longstanding assumption that the two hormones are biologically equivalent — and have opened a substantial new avenue of mechanistic receptor pharmacology research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSteroidogenesis \u0026amp; Leydig Cell Research\u003c\/strong\u003e In the male, hCG acts on Leydig cells of the testis via LHCGR to stimulate intracellular cAMP production and downstream steroidogenesis — primarily the conversion of cholesterol to testosterone via the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and cytochrome P450 enzymes. This capacity makes hCG the standard reference tool for stimulating testicular steroidogenesis in preclinical research models. hCG is commonly used in in vitro and in vivo models to probe Leydig cell function, assess steroidogenic capacity, and investigate hormonal regulation of testosterone biosynthesis — including in models of hypogonadism, Leydig cell insufficiency, and testicular atrophy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFemale Reproductive Biology \u0026amp; Corpus Luteum Research\u003c\/strong\u003e In the female reproductive axis, hCG acts on granulosa and theca cells of the ovary via LHCGR to trigger ovulation, luteinisation, and corpus luteum formation and maintenance. It promotes progesterone synthesis by the corpus luteum — essential for endometrial preparation and early pregnancy support — and drives the two-cell, two-gonadotropin system of oestrogen synthesis alongside FSH. hCG is a central research tool in reproductive biology studies examining ovarian follicular maturation, ovulation induction, luteal phase support, and corpus luteum steroidogenesis. It is also used as an ovulation trigger in assisted reproduction research models, and its interaction with the endometrium — including its proposed role in facilitating trophoblast invasion and local immunotolerance at implantation — is an active area of investigational interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePregnancy \u0026amp; Trophoblast Biology\u003c\/strong\u003e Beyond its role in corpus luteum support, hCG exerts multiple direct effects on the uterus and developing conceptus. It promotes uterine angiogenesis, supports myometrial quiescence during early pregnancy, and has been proposed to facilitate local maternal immune tolerance at the feto-maternal interface — potentially through induction of T cell apoptosis in peritrophoblastic tissue. hCG also acts on fetal Leydig cells during the critical window of male sexual differentiation, stimulating fetal testosterone production and the development of the male reproductive tract. These diverse trophoblast and fetal programming roles make hCG a subject of sustained research interest in developmental biology and placental endocrinology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ehCG as a Diagnostic Research Biomarker\u003c\/strong\u003e The rapid and exponential rise of circulating hCG in early pregnancy — beginning approximately 8–10 days post-fertilisation and doubling every 48–72 hours in the first trimester — has made it the most widely used biochemical marker in pregnancy diagnostics. In research contexts, hCG is used as a calibration standard and positive control in immunoassay development, antibody characterisation studies, and biomarker validation research. Additionally, hCG is produced ectopically by a range of malignant tumours — including gestational trophoblastic disease, germ cell tumours, and some epithelial cancers — making it an important oncological biomarker and a subject of cancer biology research, particularly in studies examining the relationship between gonadotropin signalling and tumour behaviour.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmunomodulatory \u0026amp; Anti-inflammatory Research\u003c\/strong\u003e An emerging area of hCG research concerns its immunomodulatory properties beyond the reproductive context. Research has identified LHCGR expression on immune cells, and hCG has been studied as a candidate anti-inflammatory agent in models of systemic inflammation including sepsis — where preclinical evidence suggests it may attenuate cytokine storm responses through receptor-mediated modulation of macrophage and T cell activity. The high-affinity LHCGR binding sites found in certain bacteria — including Xanthomonas maltophilia — have further expanded the biological and investigational scope of hCG research into infection biology, though this remains a developing and mechanistically complex field.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExtragonadal LHCGR Expression Research\u003c\/strong\u003e LHCGR expression has been confirmed in multiple extragonadal tissues — including the uterus, placenta, kidney, adrenal gland, thyroid, breast, prostate, and brain — and the functional significance of hCG signalling at these sites is an active area of investigation. Research in breast and prostate cancer cell lines has examined the relationship between hCG\/LHCGR signalling and tumour cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion — yielding complex and context-dependent findings that have sustained investigational interest in gonadotropin signalling in non-reproductive cancers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003ehCG vs. LH: Key Research Distinctions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003ehCG\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eLH\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eOrigin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePlacental trophoblast\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAnterior pituitary\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSecretion pattern\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eContinuous, non-pulsatile\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePulsatile (~90 min intervals)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eHalf-life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSeveral hours\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e60–90 minutes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eβ-subunit\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e145 aa + CTP extension\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e121 aa (no CTP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eGlycosylation sites\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e7 (4 N-linked, 3 O-linked)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e3 (N-linked only)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eReceptor (primary)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLHCGR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLHCGR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ecAMP potency vs LH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eHigher (biased agonist)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eReference\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eβ-arrestin 2 activation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eHigher than LH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eReference\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eResearch availability\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eHigh (recombinant and urinary)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eModerate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eUtility in research\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSteroidogenesis, LH receptor probe, biomarker standard\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePulsatile gonadotropin modelling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThis table reflects the current consensus in gonadotropin receptor pharmacology: hCG and LH are not biologically equivalent at LHCGR, and researchers must account for the different signalling profiles of each when selecting between them for experimental models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eDetail\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eHormone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eHCG — Recombinant Human Chorionic Gonadotropin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eClassification\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eHeterodimeric glycoprotein — LHCGR agonist\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eStructure\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eα-subunit (92 aa) + β-subunit (145 aa, CTP included)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e~36.7 kDa (including glycosylation)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eGlycosylation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e7 carbohydrate units (4 N-linked, 3 O-linked)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u0026gt;99% (HPLC \u0026amp; MS verified)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eForm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLyophilised powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eVial Sizes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e5,000IU, 10,000IU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eWhite to off-white powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSoluble in sterile water or bacteriostatic water\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eStorage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e2–8°C (short-term); –20°C (long-term, lyophilised)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e24 months lyophilised; use reconstituted solution within 28 days (2–8°C)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e9002-61-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eQuality \u0026amp; Purity Assurance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEvery batch of our recombinant hCG undergoes a rigorous multi-stage quality control process before release. Our assurance pipeline includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHPLC Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms purity exceeding 99%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMass Spectrometry (MS)\u003c\/strong\u003e — verifies molecular identity, subunit integrity, and glycosylation profile\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSDS-PAGE\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms correct molecular weight banding for both α and β subunits under denaturing conditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiological Activity Assay\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms receptor-level potency against reference standard\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEndotoxin Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — ensures the product is free from bacterial endotoxins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Analysis (CoA)\u003c\/strong\u003e — available for every batch upon request\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAs a large, glycosylated heterodimeric protein, hCG presents greater analytical complexity than shorter synthetic peptides. Our multi-method QC approach — including glycosylation profiling by MS and biological activity confirmation — is specifically designed to address these challenges and ensure research-grade reliability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHandling \u0026amp; Reconstitution (Research Use)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eLyophilised hCG powder should be reconstituted by slowly adding sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile water for injection to the side of the vial — not directly onto the powder. Swirl gently until fully dissolved; do not vortex or shake. As a large glycoprotein, hCG is susceptible to denaturation from mechanical agitation and should be handled with appropriate care.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eOnce reconstituted, store at 2–8°C and use within 28 days. Aliquot from the lyophilised form prior to reconstitution if long-term storage is required. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The glycan moieties of hCG are critical to its receptor binding affinity and biological activity — storage and handling conditions that compromise glycan integrity will reduce experimental reliability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAll handling should comply with standard laboratory safety protocols and applicable institutional or regulatory guidelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHCG Within the Research Catalogue\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHCG occupies a distinct and complementary position within our endocrine research catalogue as the primary tool for LH receptor biology, gonadal steroidogenesis research, and reproductive axis modelling. It is mechanistically distinct from all other compounds in the catalogue — operating as a gonadotropin at LHCGR rather than at the GH, GHRH, or ghrelin receptor systems targeted by HGH, tesamorelin, CJC-1295 No DAC, and ipamorelin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eFor researchers building a comprehensive endocrine research toolkit, hCG complements the GH-axis compounds by providing coverage of the gonadal axis — enabling parallel investigation of the two primary anabolic endocrine systems in human physiology. Its role as a diagnostic biomarker standard and its extragonadal research applications further extend its utility across a broader range of experimental disciplines than any other single compound in the catalogue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAll compounds in our catalogue are manufactured to the same \u0026gt;99% purity standard and supported by batch-specific Certificates of Analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eImportant Notice\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis product is intended strictly for in vitro research and laboratory use only. Human chorionic gonadotropin is a prescription-only medicine in most jurisdictions and is not approved for non-prescription human use. It is not a supplement or food product. This product must not be administered to humans or animals outside of appropriately authorised and supervised clinical or veterinary contexts. By purchasing this product, the buyer confirms they are a qualified researcher and will use the compound solely for lawful scientific research purposes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NEXYRALAB","offers":[{"title":"5000iu","offer_id":59643105476942,"sku":null,"price":48.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"10000iu","offer_id":59643105509710,"sku":null,"price":89.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/files\/hf_20260512_160800_e2a984d7-c472-4796-8d85-1a028b2a66fe.png?v=1779451028"},{"product_id":"kpv","title":"KPV","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eKPV | Lys-Pro-Val | α-MSH C-Terminal Tripeptide | Anti-Inflammatory Research Peptide\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lys-Pro-Val (KPV) \u003cstrong\u003eClassification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Naturally occurring anti-inflammatory tripeptide — C-terminal fragment of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) \u003cstrong\u003eParent Molecule:\u003c\/strong\u003e α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH; positions 11–13) \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C₁₄H₂₇N₃O₄ \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 301.38 g\/mol \u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;99% (HPLC verified) \u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised powder \u003cstrong\u003eAvailable Sizes:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5mg | 10mg \u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e –20°C, away from light and moisture \u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 63547-13-7\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eWhat Is KPV?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eKPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory tripeptide corresponding to positions 11–13 of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) — a 13-amino acid neuropeptide derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) with well-established roles in pigmentation, energy balance, and immune regulation. KPV represents the minimal bioactive anti-inflammatory sequence of α-MSH: the C-terminal tripeptide that retains the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity of the parent molecule while shedding its broader hormonal effects — including melanocortin-mediated pigmentation signalling and adrenal axis activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe discovery of KPV's anti-inflammatory properties emerged from systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of α-MSH conducted in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Researchers seeking to identify the minimal active sequence responsible for α-MSH's immunomodulatory activity progressively truncated the parent molecule and assessed the retained potency of each fragment. The finding that the C-terminal tripeptide Lys-Pro-Val retained potent anti-inflammatory activity — comparable to or approaching that of the full α-MSH tridecapeptide in some experimental models — was a landmark result in the melanocortin research field. It established that a three-amino-acid sequence could recapitulate the core anti-inflammatory function of a thirteen-amino-acid parent hormone, and opened a new avenue of research into ultra-small bioactive peptides as tools for studying inflammatory signalling pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eDespite its minimal size, KPV is an unusually stable research compound. Its tripeptide structure confers inherent resistance to proteolytic degradation compared to larger peptides, and its molecular weight of just 301.38 g\/mol gives it pharmacokinetic and membrane-permeability properties distinct from most research peptides — including the ability to penetrate cellular membranes and act on intracellular inflammatory signalling targets directly. Crucially, research has also identified a specific active transporter mechanism for KPV in intestinal tissue: the PepT1 di\/tripeptide transporter — normally expressed in the small intestine and markedly upregulated in inflamed colonic tissue during inflammatory bowel disease — actively transports KPV into intestinal epithelial and immune cells, providing a disease-directed tissue uptake mechanism of considerable research interest in gastrointestinal inflammatory biology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eOur KPV is synthesised under rigorous quality-controlled manufacturing conditions, verified to a purity of greater than 99% by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry, and supplied as a lyophilised powder for maximum stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eResearch Background \u0026amp; Scientific Interest\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eKPV has been investigated in over fifty peer-reviewed publications spanning more than two decades, with research covering gastrointestinal inflammatory biology, dermatological science, wound healing, mucosal barrier research, and systemic anti-inflammatory pharmacology. Its combination of minimal molecular size, endogenous origin, metabolic stability, and mechanistically distinct intracellular anti-inflammatory activity makes it one of the most tractable and pharmacologically interesting ultra-small peptides in the research landscape.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanism of Action: MC1R\/MC3R Agonism, NF-κB \u0026amp; MAPK Inhibition\u003c\/strong\u003e KPV's anti-inflammatory mechanism operates through two distinct but complementary pathways. The first is melanocortin receptor engagement — primarily at MC1R and MC3R, which are expressed on immune cells, intestinal epithelial cells, dermal fibroblasts, and multiple other tissue types involved in inflammatory responses. Activation of these receptors suppresses downstream pro-inflammatory signalling cascades, most notably NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) — the master transcription factor controlling expression of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 — and the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway, which regulates cellular stress responses and inflammatory gene expression.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHowever, a critical distinction in KPV's mechanism was established by Getting and colleagues in a landmark study examining KPV alongside other melanocortin peptides in a model of crystal-induced peritonitis. While KPV produced significant reduction in polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation in the peritoneal cavity — demonstrating meaningful anti-inflammatory activity in vivo — its anti-inflammatory effect was not blocked by the MC3\/4-R antagonist SHU9119, and KPV failed to stimulate cAMP accumulation in macrophages (in contrast to the MC3\/4-R agonist MTII). These findings indicate that KPV's anti-inflammatory activity is not fully explained by classical melanocortin receptor–cAMP signalling, and that additional — possibly receptor-independent or intracellular — mechanisms are operative. This partial mechanistic independence from canonical melanocortin receptor signalling is a defining pharmacological feature of KPV that distinguishes it from full-length α-MSH and has sustained mechanistic investigation into its precise intracellular targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePepT1-Mediated Intestinal Uptake \u0026amp; Gastrointestinal Research\u003c\/strong\u003e One of the most significant mechanistic findings in KPV research was published in Gastroenterology: the demonstration that KPV's anti-inflammatory effects in intestinal tissue are mediated, at least in part, through active cellular uptake via the PepT1 di\/tripeptide transporter. PepT1 is normally expressed in the small intestine, where it facilitates absorption of dietary di- and tripeptides. Critically, PepT1 expression is markedly upregulated in inflamed colonic tissue during inflammatory bowel disease — a pattern that creates a disease-specific transport mechanism for KPV in the very tissue where it is most needed as a research tool.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eStudies in human intestinal epithelial cell lines (Caco2-BBE and HT29-Cl.19A) and human T cells (Jurkat) demonstrated that KPV — administered at both low (10 nmol\/L) and high doses (100 μmol\/L) — inhibited IL-1β-induced IκB-α degradation in intestinal epithelial cells, suppressing NF-κB activation independently of melanocortin receptor activity. Importantly, α-MSH at the same doses did not significantly alter the kinetics of this response — confirming that the PepT1-mediated intracellular anti-inflammatory effect of KPV in intestinal epithelial cells is a property specific to the tripeptide fragment, and that KPV's mechanism in this tissue is MC receptor-independent. In vivo, KPV administration in murine models of colitis (DSS-induced and TNBS-induced) produced significant reductions in colonic inflammation markers — results that have established KPV as a valuable and widely used research tool in preclinical IBD models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInflammatory Bowel Disease \u0026amp; Mucosal Barrier Research\u003c\/strong\u003e KPV's combination of MC1R\/MC3R agonism, NF-κB suppression, MAPK pathway modulation, and PepT1-mediated intestinal uptake has made it one of the most actively studied anti-inflammatory peptides in the IBD and mucosal biology research space. Preclinical studies in rodent colitis models have consistently demonstrated that KPV administration attenuates colonic inflammation, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), preserves mucosal barrier integrity, and improves histological scores of intestinal inflammation. The PepT1 upregulation in inflamed colon provides a natural disease-directed concentration mechanism that enhances KPV's research relevance specifically in models where intestinal inflammation is present — making it an unusually tissue-targeted research tool for gastrointestinal inflammatory biology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWound Healing \u0026amp; Tissue Repair Research\u003c\/strong\u003e Beyond its gastrointestinal applications, KPV has been studied in models of wound healing and dermal tissue repair. Research has documented KPV's influence on keratinocyte migration and proliferation, fibroblast activity, and the regulation of inflammatory mediators in the wound microenvironment — effects consistent with α-MSH's established role in cutaneous inflammation and repair signalling via MC1R, which is prominently expressed in skin. Studies in wound healing models have demonstrated KPV-associated improvements in re-epithelialisation and wound closure rates, alongside attenuation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine environment that delays healing in chronic wound models. These findings position KPV as a complementary tool to GHK-Cu and BPC-157 in dermal and wound biology research — each operating through distinct but potentially synergistic mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDermatological Inflammation Research\u003c\/strong\u003e MC1R is highly expressed in human and murine skin, and the melanocortin system plays a significant regulatory role in cutaneous inflammatory responses — including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and contact hypersensitivity. KPV has been studied in models of skin inflammation, with research demonstrating suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by keratinocytes and dermal immune cells, and attenuation of inflammatory cell infiltration in skin inflammatory models. Its favourable stability profile and membrane permeability make it a practical research tool for studying MC1R-mediated anti-inflammatory pathways in dermal tissue without the confounding pigmentation-stimulating activity of full-length α-MSH.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystemic Anti-Inflammatory Activity \u0026amp; Cytokine Modulation\u003c\/strong\u003e Across multiple experimental models, KPV has demonstrated broad-spectrum suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production — including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 — in both immune cells and tissue-specific cell types. Research examining the (CKPV)₂ dimer — constructed by linking two KPV units via a Cys-Cys linker — demonstrated inhibition of TNF-α production by LPS-stimulated human leukocytes with potency similar to the stable α-MSH analogue NDP-α-MSH and greater effectiveness than monomeric KPV. This avidity-driven enhancement points toward a direction for medicinal chemistry research aimed at developing more potent KPV-based anti-inflammatory tools, and highlights KPV's value as a lead scaffold in anti-inflammatory peptide drug discovery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKPV as an Endogenous Mediator\u003c\/strong\u003e Research has identified proteases capable of generating KPV from α-MSH in biological systems, and KPV-immunoreactive material has been detected in biological samples — supporting the hypothesis that KPV functions not merely as a synthetic research tool but as an endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator generated in situ from circulating α-MSH at sites of inflammation. If confirmed, this would position KPV research within a broader framework of understanding how the melanocortin system generates locally active anti-inflammatory fragments as part of the endogenous resolution of inflammatory responses — a basic science investigational axis of considerable interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eKPV in Context: Comparison with Other Anti-Inflammatory Peptides in the Catalogue\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eKPV occupies a unique niche within the anti-inflammatory research landscape — operating via the melanocortin receptor system and intracellular NF-κB\/MAPK suppression, distinct from the mechanisms of the other tissue-active peptides in our catalogue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003ePeptide\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003ePrimary Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eKey Research Application\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eKPV\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eMC1R\/MC3R agonism, NF-κB\/MAPK suppression, PepT1-mediated uptake\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eGI inflammation, IBD, skin, wound healing\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eBPC-157\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eNitric oxide system, GH receptor pathway\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eGI mucosal repair, tendon\/ligament, systemic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eTB-500\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eActin sequestration, VEGF-mediated angiogenesis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eTissue repair, musculoskeletal, systemic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eGene expression modulation, MMP\/TIMP balance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eDermal, matrix remodelling, wound healing\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSelank\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eGABA-A modulation, cytokine regulation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eNeuroinflammation, immune modulation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThis mechanistic diversity makes these compounds genuinely complementary tools for multi-pathway inflammation research rather than overlapping alternatives — and positions the catalogue as a comprehensive research toolkit for studying inflammatory biology from multiple angles simultaneously.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eDetail\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePeptide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eKPV (Lys-Pro-Val)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eClassification\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAnti-inflammatory tripeptide — α-MSH C-terminal fragment (positions 11–13)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLys-Pro-Val\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eC₁₄H₂₇N₃O₄\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e301.38 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u0026gt;99% (HPLC \u0026amp; MS verified)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eForm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLyophilised powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eVial Sizes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e5mg, 10mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eWhite to off-white powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSoluble in sterile water or PBS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eMembrane Permeability\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eHigh — direct intracellular access documented\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eStorage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e–20°C, keep away from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e24 months when stored correctly (lyophilised)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e63547-13-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eQuality \u0026amp; Purity Assurance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEvery batch of our KPV undergoes a comprehensive quality control process before release. Our assurance pipeline includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHPLC Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms peptide purity exceeding 99%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMass Spectrometry (MS)\u003c\/strong\u003e — verifies molecular identity and correct Lys-Pro-Val tripeptide sequence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEndotoxin Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — ensures the product is free from bacterial endotoxins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Analysis (CoA)\u003c\/strong\u003e — available for every batch upon request\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eFull batch traceability is maintained across synthesis, purification, and quality testing. As the smallest peptide in our research catalogue at just three amino acids, KPV's analytical simplicity makes sequence confirmation by MS particularly precise — providing a high level of confidence in compound identity at every batch release.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHandling \u0026amp; Reconstitution (Research Use)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eKPV lyophilised powder is readily soluble in sterile bacteriostatic water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Gently swirl to dissolve. Once reconstituted, aliquot and store at –20°C or 2–8°C for short-term use. KPV's exceptional metabolic stability relative to larger peptides means reconstituted solutions maintain integrity well under appropriate storage conditions — however, repeated freeze-thaw cycles should still be avoided as standard practice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eGiven KPV's high membrane permeability and documented PepT1-mediated intestinal uptake, researchers designing cell-based assays should account for its capacity to access intracellular compartments directly — a property that distinguishes it from receptor-surface-acting peptides and that may require adapted experimental protocols for accurate mechanistic interpretation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAll handling should comply with standard laboratory safety protocols and applicable institutional or regulatory guidelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eImportant Notice\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis product is intended strictly for in vitro research and laboratory use only. KPV is not approved for human or veterinary use by the FDA, EMA, or any other regulatory authority. It is not a drug, supplement, or food product. This product must not be administered to humans or animals. By purchasing this product, the buyer confirms they are a qualified researcher and will use the compound solely for lawful scientific research purposes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NEXYRALAB","offers":[{"title":"10mg","offer_id":59643105608014,"sku":null,"price":29.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/files\/hf_20260512_154614_09caf81a-f8c5-4b1b-9397-b7871d2498d4.png?v=1779451033"},{"product_id":"mots-c-1","title":"Mots-c","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eMOTS-c | Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c | Research Peptide\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tyr-Gln-Ala-Val-Thr-Pro-Gly-Gly-Leu-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Ile-Pro-Tyr-Arg-Ile-Pro-Ile-Pro-Gly-Ser-Ser-Val-Tyr \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C₁₂₁H₂₀₀N₃₄O₃₂ \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2174.5 g\/mol \u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;99% (HPLC verified) \u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised powder \u003cstrong\u003eAvailable Sizes:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5mg | 10mg \u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e –20°C, away from light and moisture \u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1627580-64-6\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eWhat Is MOTS-c?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eMOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded not by the nuclear genome, but by the mitochondrial genome — specifically within the 12S ribosomal RNA gene. It was first identified and characterised by researchers at the University of Southern California in 2015, making it one of the most recently discovered members of a new class of signalling molecules known as mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe discovery of MOTS-c fundamentally expanded scientific understanding of mitochondrial biology. Previously regarded primarily as the cell's energy-producing organelles, mitochondria are now understood to function as active endocrine-like signalling centres — capable of producing bioactive peptides that communicate with the nucleus, peripheral tissues, and systemic metabolic systems. MOTS-c is the most extensively studied of these mitochondrial peptides and has rapidly become a subject of considerable scientific interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eLike GHK-Cu, circulating MOTS-c levels in humans appear to decline with age, and this pattern has made it a compelling target for researchers studying metabolic ageing, insulin sensitivity, and cellular stress response. Circulating MOTS-c has also been shown to vary with exercise intensity in human subjects — a finding that has accelerated research interest across exercise science and metabolic biology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eOur MOTS-c is synthesised under rigorous quality-controlled manufacturing conditions, achieving a verified purity of greater than 99% as confirmed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). It is supplied as a lyophilised (freeze-dried) powder to ensure maximum stability throughout storage and shipping.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eResearch Background \u0026amp; Scientific Interest\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eSince its discovery in 2015, MOTS-c has been the subject of an expanding body of peer-reviewed preclinical literature. Research spans metabolic science, exercise physiology, ageing biology, immunology, and cardiovascular science. Its unique mitochondrial origin and its apparent role as a systemic metabolic regulator distinguish it from all other peptides in this catalogue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMitochondrial Origin \u0026amp; Retrograde Signalling\u003c\/strong\u003e MOTS-c is translated within the mitochondria from a short open reading frame embedded in the 12S rRNA gene — a region long considered non-coding. Upon synthesis, MOTS-c is exported into the cytoplasm and, under conditions of cellular stress, translocates to the nucleus where it modulates gene expression. This mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signalling pathway is a defining feature of MOTS-c biology and a key reason it has attracted substantial mechanistic research interest. It represents a fundamentally new axis of intracellular communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInsulin Sensitivity \u0026amp; Glucose Metabolism\u003c\/strong\u003e The most extensively studied aspect of MOTS-c activity involves glucose metabolism and insulin signalling. Preclinical research in rodent models has demonstrated that MOTS-c administration improves insulin sensitivity and reduces fasting blood glucose in diet-induced obesity models. Studies have identified AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation as a central mechanism — MOTS-c appears to promote AMPK phosphorylation, thereby enhancing glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. This positions MOTS-c among the most mechanistically interesting peptides in metabolic research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExercise Mimicry \u0026amp; Skeletal Muscle Research\u003c\/strong\u003e One of the most striking findings in MOTS-c research is its apparent relationship with physical exercise. Studies have shown that circulating MOTS-c levels rise in response to aerobic exercise in both animal models and human subjects. Furthermore, exogenous MOTS-c administration in sedentary rodent models has produced metabolic adaptations partially overlapping with those induced by exercise — including increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers, improved fat oxidation, and enhanced skeletal muscle glucose utilisation. This has led researchers to describe MOTS-c as a candidate \"exercise mimetic\" peptide, making it a subject of significant interest in metabolic and sports science research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge-Related Decline \u0026amp; Longevity Research\u003c\/strong\u003e Circulating MOTS-c concentrations decline measurably with age in both animal and human studies, and this age-associated reduction correlates with metabolic deterioration. Conversely, centenarian populations have been observed to maintain relatively higher MOTS-c plasma levels compared to age-matched controls — a finding that has generated substantial interest in longevity research. Preclinical studies in aged mouse models have demonstrated that MOTS-c supplementation can partially restore metabolic function and physical performance, reinforcing its candidacy as a target in ageing biology research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInflammatory Response \u0026amp; Immune Modulation\u003c\/strong\u003e More recent research has begun to examine MOTS-c's role in immune and inflammatory regulation. Preclinical studies have observed that MOTS-c modulates macrophage activity and attenuates inflammatory cytokine expression — including IL-6 and TNF-α — in models of systemic inflammation. Its role in regulating the innate immune response to metabolic stress is an active and rapidly evolving area of investigation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular Research\u003c\/strong\u003e Emerging preclinical evidence suggests MOTS-c may exert cardioprotective effects. Studies in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion models have observed reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improved mitochondrial function following MOTS-c treatment. Researchers have also noted associations between MOTS-c levels and cardiovascular risk markers in human observational studies, though the mechanistic basis of these associations continues to be investigated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBone \u0026amp; Musculoskeletal Research\u003c\/strong\u003e A growing body of literature has examined MOTS-c in the context of bone metabolism. Preclinical studies in ovariectomised rodent models — a standard model for postmenopausal bone loss — have observed that MOTS-c administration attenuates bone density reduction and modulates osteoblast-osteoclast balance. This has expanded MOTS-c research interest into osteoporosis biology and skeletal homeostasis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eDetail\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePeptide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eMOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eTyr-Gln-Ala-Val-Thr-Pro-Gly-Gly-Leu-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Ile-Pro-Tyr-Arg-Ile-Pro-Ile-Pro-Gly-Ser-Ser-Val-Tyr\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u0026gt;99% (HPLC \u0026amp; MS verified)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eForm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLyophilised powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eVial Sizes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e5mg, 10mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eWhite to off-white powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSoluble in sterile water or PBS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eStorage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e–20°C, keep away from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e24 months when stored correctly (lyophilised)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e1627580-64-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eQuality \u0026amp; Purity Assurance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEvery batch of our MOTS-c is subject to a comprehensive, multi-stage quality control process prior to release. Our assurance pipeline includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHPLC Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms peptide purity exceeding 99%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMass Spectrometry (MS)\u003c\/strong\u003e — verifies molecular identity, sequence integrity, and molecular weight\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEndotoxin Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — ensures the product is free from bacterial endotoxins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Analysis (CoA)\u003c\/strong\u003e — available for every batch upon request\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eWe maintain complete batch traceability across synthesis, purification, and testing — providing the consistency researchers require for reproducible experimental results.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHandling \u0026amp; Reconstitution (Research Use)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eMOTS-c lyophilised powder should be reconstituted using sterile bacteriostatic water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Gently swirl the vial to dissolve — avoid vortexing, which can disrupt peptide structure. Once reconstituted, aliquot immediately into single-use volumes and store at –20°C. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be strictly avoided to preserve peptide integrity and biological activity in experimental settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAll handling should be conducted in compliance with standard laboratory safety protocols and applicable institutional or regulatory requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eMOTS-c Within a Research Peptide Panel\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eMOTS-c occupies a distinct and complementary position within a research peptide panel. While BPC-157 and TB-500 are primarily studied for their roles in tissue repair and wound healing, and GHK-Cu for its influence on gene expression and extracellular matrix remodelling, MOTS-c targets a fundamentally different biological axis — mitochondrial function, systemic metabolism, and cellular energy regulation. Together, these four peptides represent a broad and mechanistically diverse research toolkit, covering tissue repair, inflammation, genomic modulation, and metabolic biology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAll peptides in our catalogue are manufactured to the same \u0026gt;99% purity standard and are supported by batch-specific Certificates of Analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eImportant Notice\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis product is intended strictly for in vitro research and laboratory use only. MOTS-c is not approved for human or veterinary use by the FDA, EMA, or any other regulatory authority. It is not a drug, supplement, or food product. This product must not be administered to humans or animals. By purchasing this product, the buyer confirms they are a qualified researcher and will use the compound solely for lawful scientific research purposes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NEXYRALAB","offers":[{"title":"10mg","offer_id":59643105640782,"sku":null,"price":28.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"40mg","offer_id":59643105673550,"sku":null,"price":58.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/files\/hf_20260512_175906_cbc1a400-ce1f-486a-a179-a8b2ffa69983.png?v=1779451035"},{"product_id":"nad","title":"NAD+","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eNAD+ | Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Oxidised Form) | Research Grade Coenzyme\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso Known As:\u003c\/strong\u003e NAD+, NAD, β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide \u003cstrong\u003eClassification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dinucleotide coenzyme — essential redox carrier and enzyme cofactor \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 663.43 g\/mol \u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;99% (HPLC verified) \u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised powder \u003cstrong\u003eAvailable Sizes:\u003c\/strong\u003e 500mg | 1000mg \u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e –20°C, away from light and moisture; desiccated \u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 53-84-9\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eWhat Is NAD+?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a dinucleotide coenzyme found in every living cell, composed of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups — one containing adenine and one containing nicotinamide. It exists in two interconvertible forms: the oxidised form (NAD+) and the reduced form (NADH), and it is the continuous cycling between these two redox states that underlies its fundamental role in cellular energy metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eNAD+ is not, strictly speaking, a peptide — it is a small-molecule coenzyme. However, it is one of the most actively researched compounds in the longevity, metabolic biology, and cellular energy science space, and is increasingly catalogued and studied alongside research peptides such as MOTS-c and 5-Amino-1MQ given its convergent research applications in NAD+ pathway biology, mitochondrial function, sirtuin activation, and metabolic ageing. Its mechanistic relationship with 5-Amino-1MQ — which works by inhibiting NNMT to preserve nicotinamide for NAD+ biosynthesis via the salvage pathway — makes them particularly complementary research tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eNAD+ occupies a position of singular importance in cellular biochemistry: it is a required coenzyme or substrate in over 500 enzymatic reactions, and all major pathways for ATP production — glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and beta-oxidation — require NAD+ and its reduced counterpart NADH. The NAD+\/NADH ratio is a primary control point linking hundreds of metabolic reactions throughout the cell, and its dysregulation is implicated in a wide range of pathological states from metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration to cardiovascular disease and accelerated cellular ageing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAmong the most significant discoveries of the past two decades in NAD+ biology is the consistent finding — confirmed across multiple species and tissue types — that cellular NAD+ levels decline progressively with age. This decline is driven by multiple converging mechanisms: increased activity of NAD+-consuming enzymes including PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase), CD38 (a major NAD+ glycohydrolase), and SARM1; decreased expression of NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase), the rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD+ salvage pathway; and increased NNMT activity (the target of 5-Amino-1MQ) diverting nicotinamide away from NAD+ biosynthesis. This age-related NAD+ depletion has emerged as one of the central mechanistic hypotheses in ageing biology, driving enormous research interest in NAD+ repletion strategies and the compounds — including NAD+ itself, its precursors NMN and NR, and NNMT inhibitors like 5-Amino-1MQ — that can restore cellular NAD+ levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eOur NAD+ is supplied as a research-grade lyophilised powder, manufactured under strict quality-controlled conditions and verified to a purity of greater than 99% by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eResearch Background \u0026amp; Scientific Interest\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eNAD+ has accumulated one of the broadest and most rapidly expanding bodies of research literature of any compound in contemporary biology — with thousands of peer-reviewed publications spanning cellular metabolism, sirtuin biology, DNA repair, cardiovascular science, neuroscience, immunology, and ageing research. Its central role as both a redox carrier and a signalling molecule substrate makes it mechanistically relevant to virtually every area of biomedical research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCellular Energy Metabolism: Redox Carrier \u0026amp; ATP Production\u003c\/strong\u003e The most fundamental role of NAD+ is as a hydride acceptor in catabolic oxidation reactions. During glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and beta-oxidation, NAD+ accepts electrons from metabolic intermediates to form NADH. NADH then donates these electrons to Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, driving the proton gradient that powers ATP synthase — ultimately generating the majority of cellular ATP. This redox cycling between NAD+ and NADH is so fundamental that it has been described as the central axis of cellular bioenergetics. Researchers studying mitochondrial function, metabolic efficiency, and bioenergetic capacity use NAD+ as both a research substrate and a reference standard in assays examining cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSirtuin Activation \u0026amp; Gene Regulation\u003c\/strong\u003e NAD+ is an essential co-substrate — not merely a cofactor — for the sirtuin family of deacetylase enzymes (SIRT1–SIRT7). Sirtuins consume one molecule of NAD+ per deacetylation reaction, meaning their activity is directly and stoichiometrically gated by cellular NAD+ availability. This makes the NAD+\/sirtuin axis one of the most important and actively studied regulatory systems in cellular biology. The seven sirtuin isoforms have distinct subcellular localisations and substrate specificities with broad regulatory reach: SIRT1 (nuclear\/cytoplasmic) regulates gene expression, insulin signalling, and stress responses via deacetylation of p53, NF-κB, FOXO, and PGC-1α; SIRT3 (mitochondrial) regulates oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and antioxidant defences via SOD2 activation; SIRT6 (nuclear) regulates DNA repair, telomere maintenance, and inflammatory gene expression. Because NAD+ availability directly controls the activity of all seven sirtuins simultaneously, NAD+ repletion has been studied as a strategy for broadly restoring sirtuin-mediated regulatory function in aged or metabolically compromised cells — with extensive preclinical data supporting improvements in mitochondrial function, metabolic homeostasis, and cellular stress resilience.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNAD+ Decline with Age \u0026amp; Ageing Biology Research\u003c\/strong\u003e The progressive, tissue-wide decline of NAD+ with age is one of the most replicated findings in modern ageing biology. Published data across rodent and human studies have documented NAD+ reductions of 30–60% in multiple tissues between young adulthood and old age, with corresponding declines in sirtuin activity, mitochondrial function, and metabolic flexibility. Key drivers of this decline include age-associated upregulation of CD38 — the primary NAD+-consuming enzyme in mammalian tissues — and increased PARP activity driven by accumulating DNA damage. Research in mouse models has consistently demonstrated that strategies to restore NAD+ levels — including direct NAD+ or precursor supplementation, CD38 inhibition, and NNMT inhibition (the mechanism of 5-Amino-1MQ) — produce improvements in multiple age-associated phenotypes including muscle function, metabolic parameters, cognitive performance, and inflammatory status. NAD+ is therefore a central experimental tool and reference compound in preclinical ageing biology research, where it is used both as a direct supplement and as a biochemical endpoint in studies examining the efficacy of NAD+-boosting interventions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDNA Repair: PARP Activation \u0026amp; Genomic Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e Beyond its role in energy metabolism and sirtuin signalling, NAD+ is the essential substrate for PARP enzymes (poly ADP-ribose polymerases) — the primary cellular DNA damage sensors and repair initiators. Upon detection of DNA strand breaks, PARP1 consumes NAD+ to synthesise poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) chains on target proteins, recruiting the DNA repair machinery and modifying chromatin structure to facilitate access to the damage site. This process can consume enormous quantities of NAD+ during periods of high DNA damage burden — a situation observed in aged cells where accumulated oxidative and replicative DNA damage drives chronic PARP hyperactivation and consequent NAD+ depletion. Researchers studying DNA repair fidelity, genomic stability, and the relationship between NAD+ availability and repair capacity use NAD+ as both a substrate and a readout in assays probing the PARP-NAD+ axis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular Research \u0026amp; Heart Failure Biology\u003c\/strong\u003e NAD+ deficiency has been consistently linked to heart failure pathophysiology across multiple preclinical and emerging clinical research contexts. A 2025 review in the American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs identified NAD+ as a fundamental coenzyme whose deficiency impairs sirtuin activity, disrupts mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α, compromises ATP synthesis efficiency, attenuates antioxidant defences (via SIRT3-FOXO3\/SOD2), disturbs Ca²⁺ homeostasis, and dysregulates mitophagy — collectively driving bioenergetic collapse alongside oxidative stress and adverse cardiac remodelling. Preclinical data in ischaemic heart failure models have consistently demonstrated that restoring NAD+ levels rescues mitochondrial function, attenuates remodelling, and enhances cardiac performance. A 2025 randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial (n=180 adults with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, LVEF ≤45%, NYHA grade II–III) published in the American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs examined NAD+ supplementation in this population — providing rare human clinical data on direct NAD+ administration in a cardiovascular disease context and adding to the growing translational evidence base for NAD+ in heart failure research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNeurological \u0026amp; Neuroprotective Research\u003c\/strong\u003e The brain is among the most metabolically demanding and NAD+-dependent tissues in the body, and NAD+ depletion has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple neurodegenerative conditions. Research has examined NAD+ in models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury — with findings consistently pointing to NAD+-dependent sirtuin activity, PARP-mediated NAD+ consumption, and mitochondrial dysfunction as mechanistically important contributors to neuronal vulnerability and disease progression. SIRT1 activation by NAD+ has been specifically investigated as a potential modulator of amyloid precursor protein processing and tau acetylation — two central pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease research. NAD+ is also the substrate for SARM1 — a key regulator of Wallerian axon degeneration — making the NAD+\/SARM1 axis a subject of growing interest in peripheral neuropathy and axonal injury research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmunological \u0026amp; Inflammatory Research\u003c\/strong\u003e CD38 — the primary NAD+-consuming enzyme in immune cells — plays a central role in regulating the inflammatory capacity of innate immune cells, and the relationship between NAD+ availability, CD38 activity, and inflammatory cytokine production is an active area of investigation. Research has shown that macrophage activation is accompanied by rapid NAD+ depletion driven by CD38 upregulation and PARP activation, and that NAD+ repletion can modulate the inflammatory response of activated immune cells. The NAD+\/sirtuin axis — particularly SIRT1 and SIRT6 — intersects directly with NF-κB signalling and inflammatory gene expression, providing mechanistic connections between NAD+ availability and the intensity and resolution of inflammatory responses that are of direct relevance to researchers working on inflammatory biology across multiple tissue systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMetabolic Research: Insulin Sensitivity, Lipid Metabolism \u0026amp; Obesity\u003c\/strong\u003e The NAD+\/sirtuin axis is deeply integrated with metabolic regulation. SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of PGC-1α — a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation — is NAD+-dependent, and the age- and obesity-associated decline in cellular NAD+ is directly associated with reduced PGC-1α activity, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. Preclinical research in diet-induced obesity models has demonstrated that NAD+ repletion improves insulin sensitivity, reduces adiposity, and enhances mitochondrial function — effects that complement and contextualise the findings from MOTS-c (AMPK activation) and retatrutide (triple hormone receptor agonism) research in metabolic disease models. NAD+ is therefore an important reference compound for researchers studying the metabolic ageing axis and comparing mechanistically distinct approaches to improving cellular metabolic function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eThe NAD+ Biosynthesis Landscape: Research Context\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eUnderstanding the pathways through which cells synthesise and maintain NAD+ is essential context for researchers working with NAD+ and related compounds. NAD+ is synthesised via three primary routes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDe Novo Synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e From dietary tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway, ultimately producing quinolinic acid and then NAD+ via NAAD (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreiss-Handler Pathway:\u003c\/strong\u003e From nicotinic acid (niacin) via NAPRT (nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase) and NAAD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSalvage Pathway (dominant in most tissues):\u003c\/strong\u003e From nicotinamide (NAM) — the breakdown product of NAD+ consumption by PARP, sirtuins, and CD38 — via NAMPT (the rate-limiting enzyme) to NMN, then to NAD+ via NMNAT enzymes (NMNAT1 in nucleus, NMNAT2 in cytoplasm, NMNAT3 in mitochondria). Nicotinamide riboside (NR) can also enter the salvage pathway via NRK (nicotinamide riboside kinase) to NMN and then NAD+.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe salvage pathway is particularly relevant to researchers working with 5-Amino-1MQ — which inhibits NNMT, the enzyme that methylates nicotinamide and diverts it away from the NAMPT-mediated salvage pathway, thereby preserving nicotinamide flux toward NAD+ synthesis. This mechanistic connection makes 5-Amino-1MQ and NAD+ complementary research tools: NAD+ directly provides the coenzyme, while 5-Amino-1MQ supports endogenous NAD+ biosynthesis by protecting its precursor supply.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eNAD+ in the Context of the Research Catalogue\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eNAD+ occupies a foundational position within the metabolic research arm of our catalogue — as the central coenzyme whose availability directly gates sirtuin activity, PARP-mediated DNA repair, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and CD38-mediated immune regulation simultaneously. Its research relationship with other catalogue compounds is mechanistically direct:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/strong\u003e — inhibits NNMT, preserving nicotinamide for NAD+ biosynthesis via the salvage pathway; the two compounds work on the same NAD+ axis from complementary angles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/strong\u003e — activates AMPK and operates downstream of mitochondrial NAD+ sensing; studies of MOTS-c and NAD+ together provide complementary perspectives on mitochondrial metabolic regulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRetatrutide\u003c\/strong\u003e — addresses systemic hormonal metabolic regulation via GIP\/GLP-1\/glucagon receptors; NAD+ provides the intracellular bioenergetic context for the tissue-level metabolic effects observed with GLP-1 class compounds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/strong\u003e — upregulates gene expression broadly including antioxidant defence genes; NAD+-dependent SIRT3 activation of SOD2 provides a mechanistically complementary antioxidant research axis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eTogether, NAD+, 5-Amino-1MQ, and MOTS-c represent the most tightly integrated mechanistic cluster within our catalogue — three compounds converging on cellular metabolic resilience, mitochondrial function, and the biology of metabolic ageing from distinct and complementary molecular angles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eDetail\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eCompound\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eNAD+ (β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, oxidised form)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eClassification\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eDinucleotide coenzyme — redox carrier and enzyme cofactor\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eC₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e663.43 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u0026gt;99% (HPLC \u0026amp; MS verified)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eForm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLyophilised powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAvailable Sizes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e500mg, 1000mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eWhite to off-white powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eFreely soluble in water; prepare fresh solutions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eStorage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e–20°C, desiccated, away from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e24 months when stored correctly (lyophilised, desiccated)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e53-84-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eQuality \u0026amp; Purity Assurance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEvery batch of our NAD+ undergoes a rigorous multi-stage quality control process before release. Our assurance pipeline includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHPLC Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms compound purity exceeding 99% and confirms the NAD+ (oxidised) form\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMass Spectrometry (MS)\u003c\/strong\u003e — verifies molecular identity and confirms absence of NADH or other dinucleotide contaminants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnzymatic Activity Assay\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms biological activity as a coenzyme substrate in standard enzymatic reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEndotoxin Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — ensures the product is free from bacterial endotoxins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKarl Fischer Moisture Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms low residual moisture critical to stability of the lyophilised powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Analysis (CoA)\u003c\/strong\u003e — available for every batch upon request\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eNAD+ is hygroscopic and sensitive to moisture, heat, and light in ways that require specific QC attention beyond standard peptide quality control. Our Karl Fischer moisture analysis and desiccated packaging protocols are specifically designed to address these stability characteristics and ensure research-grade reliability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHandling \u0026amp; Reconstitution (Research Use)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eNAD+ lyophilised powder is freely soluble in water. Prepare aqueous solutions fresh immediately before use — NAD+ undergoes hydrolysis in solution, particularly at acidic or alkaline pH, and prolonged storage of reconstituted solutions is not recommended for research-grade applications where concentration accuracy is important. For assay use, prepare working solutions at neutral pH (6.5–7.5) in appropriate buffer systems consistent with the experimental protocol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eStore the lyophilised powder in tightly sealed, desiccated containers at –20°C protected from light. NAD+ is hygroscopic — moisture absorption during handling will degrade both the powder quality and the accuracy of mass-based concentration calculations. Weigh and handle under low-humidity conditions where possible. Avoid repeated opening of the stock vial; consider pre-aliquoting into working-size quantities under dry conditions before the first opening.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAll handling should comply with standard laboratory safety protocols and applicable institutional or regulatory guidelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eImportant Notice\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis product is intended strictly for in vitro research and laboratory use only. NAD+ is not approved as a therapeutic agent for human use by the FDA or EMA in the context of this research-grade supply. It is not a drug or supplement formulated for human consumption. By purchasing this product, the buyer confirms they are a qualified researcher and will use the compound solely for lawful scientific research purposes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NEXYRALAB","offers":[{"title":"500mg","offer_id":59643105771854,"sku":null,"price":49.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"1000mg","offer_id":59643105804622,"sku":null,"price":95.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/files\/hf_20260512_152218_58bfb058-b93c-48b0-a252-6a9646536619_1.png?v=1779451040"},{"product_id":"high-purity-tb-500-peptide","title":"TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eTB-500 | Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment | Research Peptide\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ac-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-Asp-Met-Ala-Glu-Ile-Glu-Lys-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ser-Lys-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C₅₀H₈₃N₁₅O₁₅ \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1114.25 g\/mol \u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;99% (HPLC verified) \u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised powder \u003cstrong\u003eAvailable Sizes:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5mg | 10mg \u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e –20°C, away from light and moisture \u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 77591-33-4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eWhat Is TB-500?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eTB-500 is a synthetic analogue of Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4), a naturally occurring 43-amino-acid protein found in virtually all human and animal cells. TB-500 corresponds to the active region of Thymosin Beta-4 — specifically the actin-binding domain — which is widely considered to be the peptide's primary site of biological activity in preclinical models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThymosin Beta-4 was first isolated from bovine thymus tissue in the early 1980s and has since become one of the most studied members of the beta-thymosin family. TB-500, as the synthetic research variant, allows scientists to investigate the specific mechanisms attributed to Tβ4's active sequence without the complexity of working with the full protein.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eOur TB-500 is manufactured under stringent quality-controlled conditions, achieving a verified purity of greater than 99% as confirmed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). It is supplied as a lyophilised (freeze-dried) powder to maximise stability during storage and shipping.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eResearch Background \u0026amp; Scientific Interest\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eTB-500 has been the subject of a significant and growing body of preclinical literature, with research spanning multiple disciplines including cellular biology, cardiovascular science, orthopaedics, and ophthalmology. Its primary mechanism of action centres on its ability to bind G-actin — a monomeric form of actin — thereby influencing cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActin Sequestration \u0026amp; Cell Motility\u003c\/strong\u003e The most well-characterised property of Thymosin Beta-4 and its analogues is G-actin sequestration. By binding to actin monomers, TB-500 regulates the dynamic polymerisation of the actin cytoskeleton. This action is understood to play a central role in cell migration and has made the compound of considerable interest in wound healing and tissue remodelling research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTissue Repair \u0026amp; Wound Healing Models\u003c\/strong\u003e TB-500 has been extensively studied in preclinical wound healing models. Research in rodent models has explored its influence on keratinocyte migration, dermal repair, and angiogenic signalling. Studies have demonstrated accelerated wound closure in animal models, attributed in part to the upregulation of key repair-associated proteins including VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular \u0026amp; Cardiac Research\u003c\/strong\u003e Some of the most compelling TB-500 preclinical data has emerged from cardiovascular research. Studies in animal cardiac injury models — including myocardial infarction — have investigated Thymosin Beta-4's influence on cardiomyocyte survival, angiogenesis, and cardiac progenitor cell activation. Researchers have observed cardioprotective responses and promotion of vasculogenesis in ischaemic tissue models, making this a particularly active area of investigation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMusculoskeletal \u0026amp; Connective Tissue Research\u003c\/strong\u003e TB-500 has attracted substantial interest in musculoskeletal research contexts. Preclinical studies have explored the peptide in models of tendon, ligament, and muscle injury, with findings suggesting modulation of inflammatory markers and support for extracellular matrix remodelling. Its apparent influence on skeletal muscle satellite cell activation has also been a focus of recent in vitro studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-inflammatory Activity\u003c\/strong\u003e Research has indicated that Thymosin Beta-4 may modulate NF-κB signalling — a master regulator of inflammatory gene expression. Preclinical studies have observed downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β in relevant models, suggesting a potential role in resolving acute and chronic inflammation that warrants continued scientific investigation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNeurological Research\u003c\/strong\u003e An emerging area of TB-500 research concerns neuroregeneration. Early-stage preclinical studies have examined the peptide's effects in models of brain injury, spinal cord trauma, and neuroinflammation, with some findings pointing to neuroprotective and oligodendrocyte-promoting activity. This remains an exploratory frontier requiring further rigorous study.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eDetail\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePeptide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eTB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 Analogue)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAc-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-Asp-Met-Ala-Glu-Ile-Glu-Lys-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ser-Lys-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u0026gt;99% (HPLC \u0026amp; MS verified)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eForm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLyophilised powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eVial Sizes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e5mg, 10mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eWhite to off-white powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSoluble in sterile water or PBS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eStorage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e–20°C, keep away from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e24 months when stored correctly (lyophilised)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e77591-33-4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eQuality \u0026amp; Purity Assurance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEvery batch of our TB-500 is subject to a comprehensive quality control process before it reaches researchers. Our assurance pipeline includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHPLC Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms peptide purity exceeding 99%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMass Spectrometry (MS)\u003c\/strong\u003e — verifies molecular identity, sequence accuracy, and molecular weight\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEndotoxin Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — ensures the product is free from bacterial endotoxins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Analysis (CoA)\u003c\/strong\u003e — available for every batch upon request\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eWe maintain full traceability across our manufacturing and testing process, so researchers can rely on batch-to-batch consistency for reproducible experimental outcomes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHandling \u0026amp; Reconstitution (Research Use)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eTB-500 lyophilised powder should be reconstituted using sterile bacteriostatic water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), depending on the experimental protocol. Gently swirl — do not vortex — to avoid disrupting peptide integrity. Once reconstituted, aliquot immediately and store at –20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as these can compromise peptide stability and reduce experimental reliability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAll handling should comply with standard laboratory safety protocols and applicable institutional or regulatory guidelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHow TB-500 Compares to BPC-157\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eResearchers frequently study TB-500 and BPC-157 in parallel due to their overlapping areas of preclinical interest — particularly tissue repair and inflammation modelling. While BPC-157 is gastric in origin and primarily studied via the nitric oxide and growth hormone receptor pathways, TB-500 acts principally through actin sequestration and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Their distinct mechanisms make them complementary subjects in multi-peptide research protocols, and both are available in our catalogue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eImportant Notice\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis product is intended strictly for in vitro research and laboratory use only. TB-500 is not approved for human or veterinary use by the FDA, EMA, or any other regulatory authority. It is not a drug, supplement, or food product. This product must not be administered to humans or animals. By purchasing this product, the buyer confirms they are a qualified researcher and will use the compound solely for lawful scientific research purposes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NEXYRALAB","offers":[{"title":"5mg","offer_id":59643106099534,"sku":null,"price":24.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mg","offer_id":59643106132302,"sku":null,"price":34.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/files\/hf_20260512_183232_b14892fd-9cb4-459c-840f-d3e59f5ee05a_1.png?v=1779451049"},{"product_id":"hgh-peptide","title":"HGH Peptide","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHGH | Somatotropin | Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) | Research Peptide\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso Known As:\u003c\/strong\u003e Somatotropin, rhGH, Growth Hormone (GH), HGH \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Structure:\u003c\/strong\u003e 191-amino acid single-chain polypeptide, four-helix bundle \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C₉₉₀H₁₅₂₈N₂₆₂O₃₀₀S₇ \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 22,124 Da \u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;99% (HPLC verified) \u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised powder \u003cstrong\u003eAvailable Sizes:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5mg | 10mg \u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2–8°C (refrigerated); –20°C for long-term storage \u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 12629-01-5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eWhat Is HGH (Somatotropin)?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHuman Growth Hormone (HGH), formally known as somatotropin, is a 191-amino acid single-chain polypeptide produced naturally by somatotropic cells within the anterior pituitary gland. It is one of the most structurally and functionally characterised hormones in human biology, and one of the longest-studied peptide hormones in the scientific literature — with research dating back to the 1950s. Its characteristic four-helix bundle structure is essential for binding to the growth hormone receptor (GHR), and this interaction underlies the full spectrum of its biological activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHGH production is tightly regulated by several complex feedback mechanisms in response to stress, exercise, nutrition, sleep, and growth hormone. The primary regulatory factors are growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), produced in the hypothalamus; somatostatin, produced in various tissues throughout the body; and ghrelin, produced in the gastrointestinal tract. The net result of these interlocking regulatory signals is a pulsatile release pattern — with the largest secretory pulses occurring during deep sleep — that produces circulating HGH levels which peak during adolescence and decline progressively with age thereafter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) supplied here is produced via recombinant DNA technology, yielding a molecule that is structurally identical to endogenous pituitary-derived somatotropin. This form — abbreviated rhGH in the scientific literature — has been the standard research-grade form since recombinant production methods superseded cadaveric extraction in the 1980s, and it remains the reference compound for the full body of modern growth hormone research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eOur HGH is manufactured under strict quality-controlled conditions, verified to a purity of greater than 99% by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS), and supplied as a lyophilised (freeze-dried) powder for optimal stability and shelf life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eResearch Background \u0026amp; Scientific Interest\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHGH has one of the most extensive and mature research profiles of any peptide in existence — with over six decades of published science spanning endocrinology, cell biology, metabolic medicine, musculoskeletal research, cardiovascular science, and neuroscience. Its central role in growth, metabolism, and tissue homeostasis makes it a foundational reference compound for researchers across a wide range of disciplines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanism of Action: Direct \u0026amp; Indirect Pathways\u003c\/strong\u003e HGH has two mechanisms of action: direct and indirect. The direct effects of HGH on the body occur through its binding to target cells, stimulating a response. The indirect effects occur primarily through insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which hepatocytes secrete in response to elevated HGH binding to surface receptors. Once activated, the Janus-activated tyrosine kinases (JAKs) 1 and 2 bind to the latent cytoplasmic transcription factors STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5, and transport them into the nucleus, inducing increased gene transcription and metabolism to produce IGF-1 for release into the circulation. IGF-1 then mediates many of HGH's anabolic and growth-promoting effects at peripheral tissues. Researchers therefore study HGH and IGF-1 as an integrated axis rather than as independent compounds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth, Cell Proliferation \u0026amp; Tissue Development\u003c\/strong\u003e HGH stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals, and also stimulates production of IGF-1 and increases the concentration of glucose and free fatty acids. In the context of preclinical research, this broad anabolic and mitogenic activity makes HGH a central reference compound in studies examining skeletal growth, organ development, chondrocyte and osteoblast biology, and the regulation of cell cycle progression. Its role in cartilage and long bone development via IGF-1-mediated growth plate stimulation remains one of the most studied areas of growth hormone biology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMetabolic Research: Lipolysis, Glucose Homeostasis \u0026amp; Body Composition\u003c\/strong\u003e HGH exerts direct metabolic effects that are distinct from — and at times opposing to — its IGF-1-mediated growth effects. In preclinical and clinical research, HGH has been studied extensively for its lipolytic activity: it directly stimulates hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue, promoting the mobilisation of free fatty acids as an energy substrate. Simultaneously, HGH exerts anti-insulin effects by reducing peripheral glucose uptake and increasing hepatic glucose output — effects that have made the GH–IGF-1 axis a central subject in diabetes research, insulin sensitivity modelling, and metabolic syndrome studies. Researchers use rhGH as a reference compound to investigate the interaction between growth factor signalling and insulin signalling pathways, as well as the downstream effects of GH excess and deficiency states on body composition, fat distribution, and lipid metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMusculoskeletal \u0026amp; Anabolic Research\u003c\/strong\u003e The role of HGH in skeletal muscle biology has been a subject of sustained research interest. Preclinical studies have investigated HGH's influence on satellite cell activation, myofibrillar protein synthesis, muscle hypertrophy, and recovery from muscle injury — effects largely mediated through the GH receptor and downstream IGF-1 signalling in muscle tissue. HGH is known to help improve and increase muscle mass through a process known as hypertrophy, and also boosts protein synthesis in the body. Research has also examined HGH's effects on nitrogen retention, amino acid transport, and the balance between protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle — making it an important reference compound in studies examining sarcopenia, cachexia, and muscle wasting conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHGH's influence on bone mineral density and calcium metabolism has similarly attracted substantial research attention. It is also known to help improve calcium retention in cells, which leads to an increase in bone strength. Preclinical and translational research has investigated these effects in models of osteoporosis, fracture healing, and skeletal remodelling, with IGF-1 identified as a key mediator of HGH's osteoanabolic activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmune System Research\u003c\/strong\u003e Another well-known function of HGH is the way it acts to stimulate the immune system. Preclinical research has investigated HGH's influence on thymic function, lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, and cytokine production. The GH receptor is expressed on multiple immune cell types, and the GH–IGF-1 axis is now understood to play an important modulatory role in both innate and adaptive immunity. This has generated research interest in HGH's potential role in immune senescence — the age-associated decline in immune function — given the parallel decline in GH secretion observed with advancing age.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgeing \u0026amp; GH Deficiency Research\u003c\/strong\u003e The progressive decline in HGH secretion with age — a phenomenon sometimes termed somatopause — is associated with a well-characterised constellation of metabolic and physiological changes including increased fat mass, reduced lean body mass, decreased bone density, impaired exercise capacity, and reduced quality of life. This relationship has made rhGH an important tool in ageing research, where it is used as a reference compound to investigate the biological consequences of GH deficiency and the mechanistic basis of age-related metabolic decline. Studies comparing GH-replete and GH-deficient animal models have been particularly valuable for delineating the specific contributions of the GH–IGF-1 axis to healthy ageing trajectories.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular Research\u003c\/strong\u003e The GH–IGF-1 axis exerts significant influence on cardiovascular structure and function, and has been studied extensively in both directions — deficiency and excess. In GH-deficient animal models, researchers have observed increased cardiovascular risk markers including dyslipidaemia, endothelial dysfunction, and reduced cardiac output. Conversely, GH excess models have been used to study the pathophysiology of acromegaly-related cardiomyopathy and hypertension. These two poles of the research landscape have contributed to a nuanced understanding of the dose-dependent and receptor-mediated cardiovascular effects of GH signalling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNeuroendocrinology \u0026amp; CNS Research\u003c\/strong\u003e GH receptors are expressed in multiple brain regions, and HGH has been investigated in preclinical models of cognitive function, neuroprotection, and neuroendocrine regulation. Research has examined the role of the GH–IGF-1 axis in hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and the regulation of mood-associated neurotransmitter systems. These findings have contributed to a growing body of evidence suggesting that the age-related decline in GH secretion may have consequences for cognitive and neurological function beyond its well-characterised metabolic effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003eDetail\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePeptide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eHGH — Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAlso Known As\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSomatotropin, Growth Hormone (GH)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eStructure\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e191-amino acid single-chain polypeptide, four-helix bundle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eC₉₉₀H₁₅₂₈N₂₆₂O₃₀₀S₇\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e22,124 Da\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u0026gt;99% (HPLC \u0026amp; MS verified)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eForm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLyophilised powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eVial Sizes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e5mg, 10mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eWhite to off-white powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSoluble in sterile water or bacteriostatic water\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eStorage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e2–8°C (short-term); –20°C (long-term, lyophilised)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e24 months lyophilised; use reconstituted solution within 28 days (2–8°C)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e12629-01-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eQuality \u0026amp; Purity Assurance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEvery batch of our recombinant HGH undergoes a rigorous multi-stage quality control and release process. Our assurance pipeline includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHPLC Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms peptide purity exceeding 99% and correct isoform profile\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMass Spectrometry (MS)\u003c\/strong\u003e — verifies molecular identity, molecular weight, and structural integrity of the 191-amino acid sequence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSDS-PAGE\u003c\/strong\u003e — confirms correct molecular weight band and purity under denaturing conditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEndotoxin Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — ensures the product is free from bacterial endotoxins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Analysis (CoA)\u003c\/strong\u003e — available for every batch upon request\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eFull batch traceability is maintained across fermentation, purification, and quality testing. Given the complexity of the rhGH molecule relative to shorter synthetic peptides, our multi-method QC approach is particularly important for confirming correct folding, isoform composition, and bioactivity-relevant structural integrity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHandling \u0026amp; Reconstitution (Research Use)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eLyophilised rhGH powder should be reconstituted by slowly adding sterile bacteriostatic water (0.3% benzyl alcohol) or sterile water for injection directly to the side of the vial — do not inject water directly onto the powder or vortex. Swirl gently until fully dissolved. The recommended reconstitution volume will depend on the experimental protocol and desired working concentration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eOnce reconstituted, rhGH solution should be stored at 2–8°C and used within 28 days. For longer-term storage, aliquot the lyophilised powder prior to reconstitution and store at –20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. As a larger, more complex protein than typical synthetic peptides, rhGH is more susceptible to degradation from heat, agitation, and improper storage — careful handling is essential to maintain research-grade integrity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAll handling should comply with standard laboratory safety protocols and applicable institutional or regulatory guidelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eHGH in the Context of the GH Research Axis\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHGH is the central reference compound in a broader family of growth axis research tools. Researchers frequently study rhGH alongside related compounds to dissect the upstream and downstream components of GH signalling. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and its analogues — including sermorelin and CJC-1295 — represent the upstream secretagogue axis, while IGF-1 and its analogues (including IGF-1 LR3) represent the primary downstream effector pathway. Growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs) such as GHRP-2 and GHRP-6 offer an alternative stimulatory approach via ghrelin receptor activation, while the HGH fragment 176–191 (AOD-9604) provides a tool for investigating the specific lipolytic domain of the molecule in isolation from its growth-promoting effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eWithin our broader catalogue, rhGH occupies a distinct endocrine research niche relative to the tissue-repair focused peptides BPC-157 and TB-500, the genomic and matrix remodelling compound GHK-Cu, the mitochondrial metabolic peptide MOTS-c, the systemic hormonal triple agonist retatrutide, and the intracellular NNMT inhibitor 5-Amino-1MQ. Together, these compounds offer researchers a diverse, mechanistically broad toolkit spanning endocrine signalling, tissue biology, metabolic regulation, and cellular ageing research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eImportant Notice\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis product is intended strictly for in vitro research and laboratory use only. Recombinant human growth hormone is a prescription-only medicine in most jurisdictions and is not approved for non-prescription or non-therapeutic human use by the FDA, EMA, or any other regulatory authority. It is not a supplement or food product. This product must not be administered to humans or animals outside of appropriately approved and supervised clinical or veterinary contexts. By purchasing this product, the buyer confirms they are a qualified researcher and will use the compound solely for lawful scientific research purposes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NEXYRALAB","offers":[{"title":"10iu","offer_id":59726767849806,"sku":null,"price":29.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/files\/hf_20260224_165928_843290e3-a35a-4a46-8a61-4d3b8b91ba27.jpg?v=1780245162"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1035\/3351\/0990\/collections\/hf_20260512_192536_f5c7b6b4-a9b6-4c08-9aeb-469f9eaa668d.png?v=1780245157","url":"https:\/\/nexyralab.com\/collections\/regenerative-healing-peptides.oembed","provider":"Nexyralab.com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}